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Cooling Methods(冷卻方式)
Over the decades, various cooling methods have been introduced, with each one having its own advantages and disadvantages.
幾十年來，已經引入了各種冷卻方法，每種方法都有其自身的優點和缺點。
Active Air Cooling(主動風冷)
Active air cooling components consist of a fan and a cooling plate (heat sink) made of aluminum or copper. A fan blows fresh air on a heat sink placed over the components that need to be cooled. The heat sink’s fins increase the surface of the metal plate and increase the heat exchange capabilities of the component. The fan blows the air between those fins, making the heat exchange quicker and more efficient, as it rapidly removes the heated air that is produced between the fins. There is only one drawback to active air cooling: the component that generates heat can never be cooled below the ambient room temperature. This is because active cooling uses forced air from the room, and the room air cannot cool a component to a lower temperature than the ambient temperature. These components are very reliable, and the cost of this system is quite affordable.
主動空氣冷卻組件由風扇和鋁或銅製成的冷卻板（散熱器）組成。 風扇將新鮮空氣吹到放置在需要冷卻的組件上方的散熱器上。 散熱片增加了金屬板的表面，並提高了組件的熱交換能力。 風扇在這些散熱片之間吹動空氣，從而使熱交換更快，更有效，因為它可以快速去除散熱片之間產生的熱空氣。 主動空氣冷卻只有一個缺點：產生熱量的組件永遠無法冷卻到室溫以下。 這是因為主動冷卻使用來自房間的強制空氣，並且房間空氣無法將組件冷卻到比環境溫度低的溫度。 這些組件非常可靠，並且該系統的成本非常合理。
Passive Air Cooling(被動風冷)
Similar to the active air cooling method, passive air cooling uses a heat sink to create a larger cooling surface of a component. The difference lies in the size of the heat sink, though, since passive air cooling relies solely on the size of the fins to reduce the heat. These fins must be large enough and must also have enough space between them so that a natural flow of air can be achieved that will adequately remove the heat. These heat sinks can become quite heavy and require special parts to be fixed over the part to be cooled. Passive air cooling is the most efficient way of cooling in terms of power saving, since it uses no power to operate. The drawback to this method is weight, since heavy and large heat sinks must be fixed over small parts, increasing the total weight of a computer and reducing the usable area inside the case. Additionally, this method doesn’t work well when the ambient temperature is high, because high ambient temperature causes the passive air cooling to become ineffective.
類似於主動空氣冷卻方法，被動空氣冷卻使用散熱器來創建組件的較大冷卻表面。不過，區別在於散熱器的大小，因為被動空氣冷卻僅依賴散熱片的大小來減少熱量。這些散熱片必須足夠大，並且它們之間還必須有足夠的空間，以便可以實現自然散熱，從而充分散熱。這些散熱器會變得很重，需要將特殊零件固定在要冷卻的零件上。就省電而言，被動式空氣冷卻是最有效的冷卻方式，因為它不使用任何電源進行操作。這種方法的缺點是重量大，因為必須將重型散熱器和大型散熱器固定在較小的零件上，這會增加計算機的總重量並減小機箱內部的可用面積。另外，這種方法在環境溫度較高時效果不佳，因為環境溫度較高會導致被動空氣冷卻失效。
Liquid Cooling(液體冷卻)
Modern CPUs generate twice as much heat as CPUs did five years ago. This is even truer for the GPUs. For example, a powerful dual-processor graphics card can generate as much as 380 watts of heat. Many contemporary machines use multiple processors and graphics cards, making the efficient cooling of these components a priority. Removing such vast amounts of heat in a space-constrained environment such as a computer chassis is traditionally done at the cost of an uncomfortably high noise level from the fan. Liquid cooling minimizes the noise level required. Liquid cooling is also the best solution for rapid heat removal due to the high thermal output of the GPUs and CPUs in gaming systems and high performance computers respectively. A water block normally offers a lower profile cooling solution and it allows double computational power in the same cubic footprint. The liquid cooling system dramatically lowers the operational temperatures and increases the ability to overclock CPUs to higher levels without damage.
現代CPU產生的熱量是五年前的兩倍。對於GPU來說更是如此。例如，功能強大的雙處理器圖形卡可以產生多達380瓦的熱量。許多現代機器使用多個處理器和圖形卡，因此優先考慮有效冷卻這些組件。傳統上，在空間受限的環境（例如計算機機箱）中清除如此大量的熱量，是要付出代價的，否則風扇會產生令人不快的高噪音水平。液體冷卻可將所需的噪音降至最低。由於分別在遊戲系統和高性能計算機中的GPU和CPU的高熱量輸出，液體冷卻也是快速散熱的最佳解決方案。通常，水冷盒提供了一種外形較小的冷卻解決方案，並且在相同的立方尺寸內允許兩倍的計算能力。液體冷卻系統大大降低了工作溫度，並增強了將CPU超頻到更高水平而不會造成損壞的能力。
Liquid cooling takes advantage of a basic principle of thermodynamics — that heat moves from warmer objects to cooler objects. As the cooler object gets warmer, the warmer object gets cooler. The sole purpose is to transfer heat (energy) away from critical computer components quickly and effectively. The heat is usually transferred to the surrounding environment by dissipating the heat through the heat sink and radiators. Water has a high level of thermal conductivity, meaning it absorbs heat better than air. Liquid cooling works by running water through the channels in the water block attached to each of the components that require cooling, transferring heat from each part to a radiator that dissipates the heat and keeps the water cool — similar to a car's radiator. This lets the processor, graphics card, and other hardware cool down much more effectively.
液體冷卻利用了熱力學的基本原理，即熱量從較熱的物體轉移到較冷的物體。 隨著較冷的物體變熱，較熱的物體變冷。 唯一的目的是快速有效地將熱量（能量）從關鍵計算機組件中轉移出去。 通常通過通過散熱器和散熱器散發熱量，將熱量傳遞到周圍環境。 水的導熱係數很高，這意味著它比空氣吸收的熱量更好。 液體冷卻的工作原理是使水流過與需要冷卻的每個組件相連的水塊中的通道，將熱量從每個零件傳遞到散熱器，該散熱器散發熱量並使水保持涼爽，類似於汽車的散熱器。 這樣可以使處理器，圖形卡和其他硬件更有效地冷卻。
Liquid cooling allows the transfer of more heat from the components being cooled than air, making liquid cooling perfect for overclocking and high-performance computer applications. In comparison to air cooling, liquid cooling is not influenced by the ambient temperature, making it a better choice in environments with a high ambient heat. Also, liquid cooling has a relatively low noise level because it uses much quieter and smaller fans than those used in active cooling.
液體冷卻使被冷卻的組件比空氣傳遞更多的熱量，使液體冷卻非常適合超頻和高性能計算機應用。 與空氣冷卻相比，液體冷卻不受環境溫度的影響，因此使其在環境熱量較高的環境中成為更好的選擇。 而且，液體冷卻的噪音水平相對較低，因為與主動冷卻相比，液體冷卻使用的風扇更安靜，更小。
The major drawbacks of liquid cooling are complexity and cost. Also, liquid cooling can be messy and cause damage when a failure in pipe connections occurs. Liquid cooling also needs a good deal of power to operate the pump. Despite some of these drawbacks, liquid cooling is still popular with gamers because of its efficiency and effectiveness.
液體冷卻的主要缺點是複雜性和成本。 同樣，當管道連接發生故障時，液體冷卻可能會造成混亂，並造成損壞。 液體冷卻還需要大量功率才能操作泵。 儘管存在這些缺點，但液體冷卻由於其效率和有效性而仍然受到遊戲玩家的歡迎。
In a liquid cooled system, each component that requires cooling has a cooling plate (heat sink) attached to it. This heat sink, usually made of copper or aluminum, is a hollow plate with an input and an output hose through which the coolant will flow. The circulating pump will circulate the coolant from the radiator to the cooling plates, then to the tank and back to the radiator, where the heat is dissipated.
在液冷系統中，需要冷卻的每個組件都有一個連接的冷卻板（散熱器）。 該散熱器通常由銅或鋁製成，是一個帶有輸入和輸出軟管的中空板，冷卻液將流過該軟管。 循環泵將使冷卻劑從散熱器循環到冷卻板，然後再到水箱，再回到散熱器，在那兒散熱。
Here are more details about each component:
以下是有關每個組件的更多詳細信息：
Radiator: The radiator moves the absorbed heat into the surrounding environment by using a cooling fan to effectively cool the liquid. The bigger the radiator, the more effective it becomes, which results in lower liquid temperature and a lower component temperature.
散熱器：散熱器通過使用冷卻風扇有效地冷卻液體，將吸收的熱量轉移到周圍環境中。 散熱器越大，散熱器越有效，從而導致較低的液體溫度和較低的組件溫度。
Water block: The water block (or heat sink) absorbs the heat from the microprocessor. It contains microfins that are used to boost the surface area for more optimal heat transfer. As the liquid flows through the water block, it absorbs the heat. If you have a more efficient water block, your overall component temperature will decrease.
水塊：水塊（或散熱器）從微處理器吸收熱量。 它包含微翅片，這些微翅片用於增加表面積以實現更佳的熱傳遞。 當液體流過水塊時，它吸收熱量。 如果您使用更有效的阻水劑，則組件的整體溫度將會降低。
Water pump: The water pump provides the circulation of the liquid in the cooling loop from the hot side to the cold side. This allows for effective heat transfer throughout the entire loop. Without a good water pump, the liquid would stagnate in the loop and heat transfer would not occur.
水泵：水泵提供冷卻迴路中從熱側到冷側的液體循環。 這允許在整個迴路中進行有效的熱傳遞。 沒有良好的水泵，液體將在迴路中停滯，並且不會發生熱傳遞。
Reservoir: The reservoir unit allows for easier removal of air after the initial liquid cooling installation and serves as an expansion area for the coolant during temperature fluctuations.
儲氣罐：儲氣罐單元可在初始液體冷卻安裝後更輕鬆地排出空氣，並在溫度波動期間用作冷卻劑的膨脹區域。
Liquid cooling system. Photo used under CC-BY-NC-ND license from Terror Noize.
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